Ivan IV, often called by his nickname Ivan the Terrible, ruled from 1533- 1584, the longest reign in Russian history (Carmichael, 41). His nickname "grozny" in Russian actually means "the awesome" not "the terrible" (Milner- Gulland, 65). Ivan IV was the grandson of Ivan the Great, and the son of Vasily III, who died when Ivan was three years old leaving him the throne (Wallace, 77). His mother, Yelena Glinskaya, ruled as the regent with the boyars' influence until 1538 …showed first 75 words of 1934 total…

…showed last 75 words of 1934 total…Time of War and Peace: Imperial Russia, AD 1696-1917. Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1998. Hellie, Richard. 2003. "Ivan IV Vasilyevich." <http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/refarticle.aspx?refid=761561311> (8 October 2003). Unknown Author. 2003. "Ivan IV of Russia." <http://www.xs4all.nl/~kvenjb/madmonarchs/ivan4/ivan4_bio.htm> (8 October 2003). Milner-Gulland, Robin and Nikolai Dejevsky. Cultural Atlas of Russia and the Former Soviet Union. New York: Checkmark Books, 1998. Wallace, Robert. Rise of Russia. NewYork: Time-Life Books, 1967.