… EMPIRE The ancient Kingdom of Macedonia, situated in the north of modern Greece, was established by Perdiccas I about 640 B.C. Perdiccas was a Dorian, although the Macedonian tribes included Thracian and Illyrian elements. Originally a semibarbaro…

… on a national level for their respective countries of England and France were great, but whose very different personal problems gave them a negative impression in history.         The two leaders had very different ruling styles, but…

… how he effected the frech economy and debates whether or not he can be considered a great french leader or a contemptuos one Napoleon on Trial Napoleon Bonapart was the first emperor of France and one of the greatest military leaders of all…

… Christians to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. The Crusades first started in 1096 and ended in the late 13th century. The term Crusade was originally used to describe the European efforts to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims. Europeans later…

… "'I shall maintain the principle of autocracy just as firmly and unflinchingly as it was preserved by my unforgettable dead father.' (Nicholas II) In spite of the Czar's decrees and declarations, Russia, by the beginning of the 20th century, was overripe…

… 1917 Revolution By early 1917, the existing order in Russia was on the verge of collapse. The spark to the events that ended tsarist rule was ignited on the streets of Petrograd in March 1917. Driven by shortages of food and fuel, crowds of hungry…

… DESIDERIUS ERASMUS2 Early life and education2 Carrier and chief centres of his activity3 Major works5 EDUCATIONAL REFORM7 The Muslim influence7 The secular influence7 Humanism8 Education in Reformation and Counter-Reformation10 Introduction…

… For over 330 years a single family, the Romanovs, has ruled Russia. The 850 square mile empire stretched across most of Eastern Europe. The area was comparable to North America. The independent ethnic groups consisted of Armenians, Balts, Finns, Jews,…

… FOR A MIDTERM EXAM Question: Discuss the causes of the Dutch revolt against Spain. What were the consequences for the emerging power of England? Answer: Although the Low Countries possessed no other identity other than fragmented states…

… ANSWER (TIMED) FOR A MIDTERM EXAM Question: Describe the importance of the Renaissance in Italy. Answer: The Renaissance, literally the "rebirth," was just that to Italy. As the Middle Ages came to a close, so too did the overshadowing…